1.  Given a population with p_a = 0.70 and q_b = 0.30, answer the following questions:
 a) If F=0.19, what will be the frequency of bb homozygotes?
 b) If the population is composed of only 29 individuals, what is the chance that p
      will drift to a frequency greater than 0.76 next generation?

2. The frequencies of two autosomal alleles, A and a, in each of three plant populations are 0.80 and 0.20, respectively.  The inbreeding coefficients in the three populations are (a) 0.0, (b) 0.40, and (c) 0.80.  What is the frequency of heterozygotes in each population?

3. The following genotype frequencies were observed in a small population: 28 AA, 24 Aa, 48 aa.  Calculate the inbreeding coefficient, assuming that inbreeding alone is responsible for any deviation from Hardy-Weinberg expectation.

4. The freshwater snail, Campeloma decisum, occurs in two forms, right-handed (or dextral) and left-handed (or sinistral).  The two forms rarely interbreed, even when they co-occur.  In one mixed population of C. decisum, a population geneticist found:
    43 dextral Odh110 homozygotes
    7 sinistral Odh110 homozygotes
    15 sinistral Odh110/Odh106 heterozygotes
     54 sinistral Odh106 homozygotes
Calculate F, the coefficient of inbreeding, over the entire population.

5. There is strong reason to believe that the population described above resulted from the mixture of two discrete populations in a flood 12 generations ago.  Although the pure-dextral population was fixed for Odh¹¹⁰, the pure-sinistral population had an Odh¹¹⁰ frequency of 0.04.  Assuming constant population size, how much gene flow (in genomes/generation) has occurred from dextral snails to sinistral snails since the flood?

6. A population of Drosophila is polymorphic for two alleles A¹ and A².  One thousand populations were derived, and each was maintained by selecting at random 10 males and 10 females in each generation as parents of the following generation.  After many generations, it was observed that 220 populations were fixed for allele A¹, and 780 for allele A².  Estimate the frequency of allele A¹ in the original population.

7.  Give the approximate 95% confidence limits on the frequency of the A¹ gene in the first generation among the 1,000 populations mentioned above.

8. A population geneticist maintains a large stock culture of Drosophila polymorphic at the sepia locus (an autosomal recessive).  One day he introduced 40 flies from this culture into each of 100 new culture vials.  After one generation he found that the mean frequency of the sepia gene in his 100 bottles was 0.70, with a standard deviation of 0.0625.  What is the effective population size (a new term, but I think you can handle it) founding the average culture bottle?

ANSWERS:
1a) 0.130,     1b) 16%
2a) 0.32,   2b) 0.192,    2c) 0.064
3) F = 0.50
4) F = 0.748
5) 2 genomes/generation
6) p = 0.22
7) since sd = 0.0655,   95% range is from 0.089 to 0.351
8) 26.9